Moscow, Russia

Mathematical Logic, Algebra and Theory of Numbers

Language: English Studies in English
Subject area: mathematics and statistics
University website: www.hse.ru
4 years
Logic
Logic (from the Ancient Greek: λογική, translit. logikḗ), originally meaning "the word" or "what is spoken", but coming to mean "thought" or "reason", is a subject concerned with the most general laws of truth, and is now generally held to consist of the systematic study of the form of valid inference. A valid inference is one where there is a specific relation of logical support between the assumptions of the inference and its conclusion. (In ordinary discourse, inferences may be signified by words like therefore, hence, ergo, and so on.)
Theory
A theory is a contemplative and rational type of abstract or generalizing thinking, or the results of such thinking. Depending on the context, the results might, for example, include generalized explanations of how nature works. The word has its roots in ancient Greek, but in modern use it has taken on several related meanings.
Theory
A theory is the more impressive the greater the simplicity of its premises is, the more different kinds of things it relates, and the more extended its area of applicability.
Albert Einstein, "Autobiographical Notes," in Albert Einstein: Philosopher-Scientist, P. Schlipp, ed. (Cambridge University Press, London: 1949), p. 33
Logic
Logical analysis applied to mental phenomenon shows that there is but one law of mind, namely that ideas tend to spread continuously and to affect certain others which stand to them in a peculiar relation of affectibility. In this spreading they lose intensity, and especially the power of affecting others, but gain generality and become welded with other ideas.
Charles Sanders Peirce (1892) The Law of Mind.
Logic
Logic hasn't wholly dispelled the society of witches and prophets and sorcerers and soothsayers.
Raymond F. Jones (2012), The Non-Statistical Man
There are solar panels that covert sunlight directly to electricity, and there are others that absorb the sun's rays for hot water. EU-funded researchers have made progress on a solar thermoelectric generator that generates electricity from the sun's heat.
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