Geology (from the Ancient Greek γῆ, gē, i.e. "earth" and -λoγία, -logia, i.e. "study of, discourse") is an earth science concerned with the solid Earth, the rocks of which it is composed, and the processes by which they change over time. Geology can also refer to the study of the solid features of any terrestrial planet or natural satellite, (such as Mars or the Moon).
Mining is the extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the earth, usually from an orebody, lode, vein, seam, reef or placer deposit. These deposits form a mineralized package that is of economic interest to the miner.
Andrew Herbert Knoll. Gaidos E, Knoll AH. Frontiers of Astrobiology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2012. Our evolving planet: From dark ages to evolutionary renaissance. pp. 132–153.
Josiah Gilbert Holland, in Rev. S. Pollock Linn Golden Gleams of Thought from the Words of Leading Orators, Divines, Philosophers, Statesmen and Poets, A.C. McClurg & Company, 1881, p. 280.
An EU team examined Europe's drought history to predict the future hazard. Results included a major impact database, pan-European vulnerability and riks maps, as well as options for drought management for different geo-climatic settings.
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