Optometry is a health care profession which involves examining the eyes and applicable visual systems for defects or abnormalities as well as the medical diagnosis and management of eye disease. Traditionally, the field of optometry began with the primary focus of correcting refractive error through the use of spectacles. Modern day optometry, however, has evolved through time so that the education curriculum additionally includes intensive medical training in the diagnosis and management of ocular disease in countries where the profession is established and regulated.
EU-funded scientists are working on developing membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) that are able to operate in temperatures up to 180 degrees Celsius. Possible applications include a range extender in an electric vehicle battery.