Reading, United Kingdom

Cybernetics

Language: English Studies in English
Kind of studies: full-time studies
University website: www.reading.ac.uk
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Cybernetics
Cybernetics is a transdisciplinary approach for exploring regulatory systems—their structures, constraints, and possibilities. Norbert Wiener defined cybernetics in 1948 as "the scientific study of control and communication in the animal and the machine." In the 21st century, the term is often used in a rather loose way to imply "control of any system using technology." In other words, it is the scientific study of how humans, animals and machines control and communicate with each other.
Today's solar modules should be nearing the end of their useful life after two decades. EU-funded scientists are focusing on designing solar cells that are more recyclable and also on minimising the environmental impact during their manufacturing.
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