Translation is the communication of the meaning of a source-language text by means of an equivalent target-language text. The English language draws a terminological distinction (not all languages do) between translating (a written text) and interpreting (oral or sign-language communication between users of different languages); under this distinction, translation can begin only after the appearance of writing within a language community.
The world's oceans cover over two thirds of the Earth's surface. EU-funded scientists are paving the way for a European network of deep-sea observatories to facilitate real-time monitoring of the myriad of changes affecting our lives.