Translation is the communication of the meaning of a source-language text by means of an equivalent target-language text. The English language draws a terminological distinction (not all languages do) between translating (a written text) and interpreting (oral or sign-language communication between users of different languages); under this distinction, translation can begin only after the appearance of writing within a language community.
Nearly zero-energy buildings are a major element of European climate policy, and by 2021 every new building has to meet this standard. Hybrid systems that are 100 % renewables will help transform the heating and cooling market, providing improved efficiency and carbon dioxide reductions.