Translation is the communication of the meaning of a source-language text by means of an equivalent target-language text. The English language draws a terminological distinction (not all languages do) between translating (a written text) and interpreting (oral or sign-language communication between users of different languages); under this distinction, translation can begin only after the appearance of writing within a language community.
With high-performance computing (HPC), it is possible to utilise physics-based models to gain insights into ground motions recorded during earthquakes and built infrastructure responses. An EU-funded project has now provided the algorithms and software necessary for the 3D inversion of geophysical data.