Translation is the communication of the meaning of a source-language text by means of an equivalent target-language text. The English language draws a terminological distinction (not all languages do) between translating (a written text) and interpreting (oral or sign-language communication between users of different languages); under this distinction, translation can begin only after the appearance of writing within a language community.
Preserving ecosystems and the biodiversity they support could reduce the emergence of infectious diseases from these natural systems. The current rates of biodiversity loss around the world could have major consequences for emerging diseases.
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