Nanomaterials describe, in principle, materials of which a single unit is sized (in at least one dimension) between 1 to 1000 nanometres (10−9 meter) but usually is 1 to 100 nm (the usual definition of nanoscale).
Africa is the world's second most-populous continent after Asia and has a huge need for energy and feedstock supply. African food and agricultural waste provides an excellent substrate for biorefinery processes for the production of valuable, sustainable products, including biofuel.