Nanomaterials describe, in principle, materials of which a single unit is sized (in at least one dimension) between 1 to 1000 nanometres (10−9 meter) but usually is 1 to 100 nm (the usual definition of nanoscale).
The transition from a fossil fuel-based energy system to a renewable hydrogen-based system will take a long time. During this transition, research and fuel cell (FC) technology improvements towards performance benchmarks set by EU-funded scientists can pave the way.