Nanomaterials describe, in principle, materials of which a single unit is sized (in at least one dimension) between 1 to 1000 nanometres (10−9 meter) but usually is 1 to 100 nm (the usual definition of nanoscale).
Access to a supply of clean drinking water is a fundamental requirement of the European Drinking Water Directive (DWD). An EU-funded initiative is developing an innovative probe based on microelectronic sensors to improve the management of Europe's water network.